Element

Values

1. Reading aloud to children

      (rereacting favorite selections)

Motivates children to read (shows purpose).

Provides an adult demonstration.

Develops sense of story.

Develops knowledge of written language syntax and of how texts  are structured.

Increases vocabulary and linguistic repertoire.

Supports intertextual ties through enjoyment and shared knowledge; creates community of readers.

2. Shared reading

      Rereading big books

      Rereading retellings

      Rereading alternative texts

      Rereading the products of

           interactive writing

3. Guided reading

Demonstrates early strategies.

Builds sense of story and ability to predict.

Demonstrates process of reading.

Provides social support from the group.

Provides opportunity to participate, behave like a reader.

Provides opportunity to problem solve while reading for meaning.

Provides opportunity to use strategies on extended text.

Challenges the reader and creates context for successful processing on novel texts.

Provides opportunity for teacher guidance, demonstration, and    explanation.

4. Independent reading

Children read on their own or with partners from a wide range of     materials.

5. Shared writing

Children compose messages and stories; teacher supports process as scribe.

Demonstrates how writing works.

6. Interactive writing

Demonstrates concepts of print, early strategies, and how words work.

Provides opportunities to hear sounds in words and connect with letters.

Helps children understand “building up” and “breaking down” processes in reading and writing.

Provides opportunities to plan and construct texts.

7. Guided writing and writers

      workshop

Demonstrates the process of writing.

Provides opportunity for explicit teaching of various aspects of writing.

Gives students the guidance they need to learn writing processes and produce high-quality products

8. Independent writing

         Individual retellings

         Labeling

         “Speech balloons”

         Books and other pieces

Provides opportunity for independence.

Provides a chance to write for different purposes.

Increases writers’ ability to use different forms.

Builds ability to write words and use punctuation.

Fosters creativity and the ability to compose.

9. Word work and spelling

Helps children learn to use visual aspects of print.

Extensions and themes: Drama, murals, story maps, innovations on text, surveys, science experiences, and others.

·     Provides opportunities to interpret texts in different ways.

·     Provides a way of revisiting a story.

·     Fosters collaboration and enjoyment.

·     Creates a community of readers.

·     Provides efficient instruction through integration of context areas.